http://localhost:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/550 Sat, 01 Apr 2051 21:50:25 GMT 2051-04-01T21:50:25Z http://localhost:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/611 The impact of the informal sector on unemployment and poverty in developing countries Professor. Salah Mohamed Ibrahim Ahmed; Dr. Muhammad Al-Nour Muhammad Othman Mirghani; Dr. Hana Farouk Al-Tijani Awadallah Sudan suffers from the problem of the expansion of the informal sector at a large rate at the expense of other sectors. The problem lies in the increase in the informal sector by more than 90%, and that the informal sector constitutes the orientation of the majority of Sudan‘s population and has increased in expansion and spread after the outbreak of war in Khartoum. Hence, the study aimed To know the informal economy and the reasons for its spread and its repercussions on society, and to shed light on the positive aspects and attempt to reform this sector because it is the sector of the overwhelming majority of people. The study also adopted the descriptive and analytical approach to describe and analyze the problem. The study reached several results, the most important of which is that the state does not care about workers in The informal sector, and therefore they do not receive attention and care from the competent authorities, and they suffer from a poor and deteriorating environment in which they work, surrounded by security breaches and dangers that threaten their lives, and that the state pursues, through campaigns, informal activities and does not allow them to practice their professions and crafts until it is easy to deal with them, register them, and even care for them. They grow and develop and thus move to major economic sectors. The study also recommended several recommendations, the most important of which is attention to developing handicrafts and craft industries, especially those that have export potential in the future, such as: metal crafts, leather products, and clothing. Keywords: informal sector, unemployment, poverty, developing countries, formal sector. Tue, 01 Sep 2026 00:00:00 GMT http://localhost:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/611 2026-09-01T00:00:00Z http://localhost:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/570 The Difference Of All Sequences In Weighted Composition Operators Acting From Dr. Bushara Eisa Hamad Abdalla تتناول هذه الدراسة محدودية واتساق اختلافات عوامل التركيب الموزونة من فضاء بلوخ الفا إلى فضاء بلوخ بيتا على قرص الوحدة المفتوح. وترتبط هذه الدراسة بالبناء التوبولوجي للتركيب الموزون من فضاء بلوخ الفا إلى فضاء بلوخ بيتا Mon, 01 Sep 2025 00:00:00 GMT http://localhost:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/570 2025-09-01T00:00:00Z http://localhost:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/568 Survey on Some Helminthes Parasites of Synodontis schall (Bloch and Schneider, 1801) at Blue Nile River , South-East of Khartoum, Sudan Naglaa Mohammed Khalid Mohammed; Eshraga Dafa Alla Mahmoud Abubker; Mamoun Makawi Obeida Mohammed This survey was conducted during the period at April,2018 and terminated in March, 2019, on the one main Fisheries sites in the Al Masid area on the Blue Nile 60 km of South-East of Khartoum town. The study focused on the genus Synodontis schall from Catfish family Mochokidae the survey covered some endoparasite of the fresh water fishes in the Sudan 250 specimen were examined the study found 83 fish in number were infected with Prevalence 33%,the total of non-infected 147 specimen with Prevalence rate 58%. Seven of endoparasite species isolated from the visceral organs of Synodontis schall 71 in number from the stomach with Prevalence 28.1% 15 in number from the gills with Prevalence 5.9% and 7 in number from the intestine with Prevalance 2.8% the endoparasite were isolated two species of nematodes identified spirocammllanu and Spinitectus infected 83 number of Synodontis schall with Prevalance 58.1%, two species of trematodes identified clinostomum and phagicola infected only one from the total of fish numbers with Prevalence 0.4%, two species of curstean isolated from two fish with Prevalance rate 0.8% identified as Argulus and lrenae cyprinceae and one species of acanthocephalan larvae according to the sex the survey observed 142 male and 111 female were infected with Prevalence 56%, 43.9 respectively. Keywords: Synodntis schall, Helminthes Parasites, Blue Nile River Mon, 01 Sep 2025 00:00:00 GMT http://localhost:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/568 2025-09-01T00:00:00Z http://localhost:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/566 The Challenges that Face University Students in Using Definite and Indefinite Articles in English Language A Case study of Kosti Locality, White Nile State Dr. Ali Fadlalla Ahmad AL Basheer; Dr. Hassan Mohammed Abdelaal AL Moukashfi تهدف هذه الدراسة لتقصي التحديات التي تواجه طلاب الجامعات في استخدام أدوات النكرة والمعرفة في اللغة الانجليزية في جامعة النيل الأبيض في محلية كوستي بعد الاطلاع علي أدبيات البحث والدراسات السابقة، قام الباحثان بتصميم استبانه تناسب موضوع الدراسة وأهدافها، وذلك لجمع البيانات من أفراد العينة. تم إختيار خمسة عشر طالباً من طلاب الفصول الدراسية الثاني والرابع والسادس بطريقة عشوائية ليمثلون عينة الدراسة. تم تحليل الاستبانة باستخدام برنامج الحزم الاحصائية للعلوم الاجتماعية. وبعد تحليل البيانات توصل الباحثان إلى النتائج الآتية: بعض الاساتذه لا يتابعون الطرائق الفعالة في تدريس أدوات النكرة والمعرفة في اللغة الانجليزية مما يضعف مقدرتهم على التمييز بين ادوات النكرة والمعرفة في اللغة الانجليزية، عدم المعرفة الكافية باستخدام قواعد اللغة يؤدي إلى صعوبة استيعاب الطلاب لأدوات النكره والمعرفة في اللغة الانجليزية عدم إجادة قواعد اللغة الانجليزية يقود الطلاب الي صعوبة استخدام ادوات النكرة والمعرفة بناءً على النتائج يوصي الباحثان بالآتي: ضرورة أن يهتم الطلاب بإستخدام أدوات النكره والمعرفة أن تتضمن المقررات الجامعية أدوات النكرة والمعرفة علي الأساتذة مساعدة الطلاب في استيعاب أدوات النكرة والمعرفة ودورها في كتابة اللغة الانجليزية أو التحدث بها بطريقة صحيحية ومضبوطة. Mon, 01 Sep 2025 00:00:00 GMT http://localhost:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/566 2025-09-01T00:00:00Z